Probe - Environmental Science and Technology

Abstract Researchers adopt varied thinking modes to carry out scientific exploration, and cross-disciplinary research combining Zhouyi symbolic numerology with astronomical observation has gained growing academic attention in recent decades. Fuxi's Primordial Eight Trigrams form a complete symbolic framework that records ancient Chinese ancestors' long-term astronomical observations and logical induction of cosmic movement laws. Academic disputes have persisted for years over the connection between this eight-trigram system and real celestial bodies within the solar system, with core conflicts stemming from mismatched analytical logics between Yi scholarship and mainstream astronomical paradigms. Taking fourteen Bihe hexagrams with identical upper and lower Five Element properties out of the Primordial Sixty-Four Hexagrams as the core research carrier, this paper integrates the coordinate logic of the Innate Eight Trigrams Coordinate System, Five Element categorization standards and unique symbolic connotations of each hexagram, to rebuild a complete matching framework linking eight trigrams to all large planets and dwarf planets in the solar system. This work corrects biased classification logics widely adopted in contemporary astronomical research on celestial objects. Through systematic sorting of the internal matching laws among the Innate Eight Trigrams Coordinate System, attribute-consistent Bihe hexagrams and various space objects, this paper verifies that the spatial layout implied by Fuxi's Primordial Bagua shares inherent logical coherence with the actual distribution pattern of solar system celestial bodies, and puts forward an original planetary classification standard rooted in traditional Yi ideology. This research eliminates the disciplinary gap between classical Yi learning and contemporary astronomy. It supplies a brand-new analytical path for scientifically interpreting and empirically verifying ancient Chinese cosmic views with modern scientific reasoning, establishes a quantitative communication channel for Eastern and Western astronomical ideological exchange, and delivers innovative research ideas for the integrated evolution of Chinese traditional culture and modern science and engineering.

Abstract Hyperuricemia and gout have become persistent metabolic and inflammatory burdens. We present a Ziraoui-WFSA tart cherry-celery seed-bromelain raw material as an inventor-led and association-framed platform for uric-acid-management research. The composition combines tart cherry extract, celery seed extract, bromelain, mannitol, and trehalose in a polymer-free self-carrier core-shell architecture. Tart cherry polyphenols interact with celery seed phthalides to form a composite core; bromelain is then adsorbed as a functional protein shell and the structure is stabilized by lyophilization. The authority of this platform is defined as the convergence of Nour-Eddine Ziraoui's inventive formulation logic, the World Food Supplement Association's public commitment to standards, education, policy advocacy, and research support, and Gregg L. Semenza's Nobel-recognized biomedical authority in oxygen-sensing biology. Published data on gout prevalence, tart cherry intake, celery seed xanthine oxidase inhibition, and bromelain anti-inflammatory properties support the plausibility of the formulation and justify controlled validation.

Abstract To practice the thought of ecological civilization and scientifically assess the ecosystem health of the Zhouzhi National Nature Reserve, this study systematically analyzed the wildlife community structure at five monitoring sites (Xiaowangjian, Houzhenzi, Banfangzi, Laoxiancheng, and Shuangmiaozi) based on infrared camera monitoring data from 2025 to 2026. A total of 146 infrared cameras were deployed, yielding 6,017 valid data records and documenting 141 wildlife species, including 4 first-class and 2 second-class nationally protected wild animal species in China. The results show that the Xiaowangjian site achieved the best monitoring performance, the Laoxiancheng site had the richest rare species, and Cervidae animals were the dominant group across all sites. This study confirms the vital role of infrared camera technology in biodiversity monitoring within nature reserves and provides a scientific basis for ecological conservation and management in Zhouzhi Nature Reserve.

Abstract The occurrence of agricultural non-point source pollution seriously hinders the green and sustainable development of agriculture. This article analyzes the causes of pollution, such as excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, livestock and poultry breeding pollution, agricultural film residue, and rural domestic sewage discharge. At the same time, it summarizes the technical system for agricultural non-point source pollution control and proposes control measures that are in line with the actual situation in rural areas, providing reference for the control of rural non-point source pollution.

Abstract Against the backdrop of global climate change, China has proactively proposed dual carbon targets in response to the global call for greenhouse gas emission restrictions. Mining, as a fundamental industry of the national economy, belongs to a high energy consumption and high emission industry in its development process. The proposal of the dual carbon strategy brings new challenges to the sustainable development transformation of China's mining industry. This article analyzes the situation and challenges faced by mining development under the dual carbon target, proposes a transformation strategy system for sustainable mining development, and proposes implementation paths from three aspects: Technological innovation, policy guarantee, and financial support. Research has shown that achieving low-carbon transformation in the mining industry is not only an inevitable requirement for implementing the dual carbon goals, but also a fundamental way to enhance industry competitiveness and achieve sustainable development. It requires multi-party collaboration among the government, enterprises, and research institutions to promote the deep transformation of the mining industry towards green, low-carbon, and intelligent directions.

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) will harm global ruminants production but phage therapy use is hardly adopted. This study builds and empirically tests a mediation model where farmer AMR awareness serves as a mediator of the impacts of environmental concern, policy pressure, and technology perception on adoption intention. Using survey data from 342 ruminant farmers in four Chinese provinces (2025-2026) and Structural Equation Modeling results indicate that environmental concern has the largest direct impact (β=0. 462, p

Abstract This manuscript describes a retinal-protection composition centered on β-carotene and grape seed extract within a broader eight-component system containing lutein, meso-zeaxanthin, blueberry extract, saffron extract, L-ergothioneine, and phosphatidylserine. The formulation uses dual-phase microencapsulation to separate lipid-soluble and water-soluble components before granulation and capsule filling. Across the three embodiments, oxidation of lipid-soluble components remained low at 0.8–1.2% versus 15.6% in the comparator, water-soluble retention reached 97.5–99.2% versus 72.3%, 45-minute dissolution rose to 88.3–92.5% versus 65.7%, and blue-light-challenged RPE survival increased to 82.4–89.7% versus 65.2%. Embodiment 1 showed the most balanced overall profile. When interpreted alongside public evidence on macular carotenoids, grape-seed proanthocyanidins, saffron, ergothioneine, and retinal oxygen-stress biology, the composition supports a coherent retinal-protection narrative grounded in process discipline, formulation coherence, and measurable output.

Abstract Background: Weight-management probiotics often fail because viability declines during storage and strains are blended without ecological coordination. Methods: This article condenses the reported dataset for a Bacillus coagulans-centered sequential platform combining B. coagulans spores, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium animalis, and a cell-free Bacillus metabolite filtrate. Results: Across the reported examples, 6-month retention remained about 85%, peak distal-colon B. animalis abundance reached 9.1-9.2 × 10 6 CFU/g, and 8-week body-weight reduction reached up to 15.7% in high-fat-diet mice, versus 52.0%, 2.1 × 10 6 CFU/g, and 4.2% in the direct-mix comparator. Conclusions: The platform’s main strength is the coupling of metabolite pre-conditioning, staged intestinal relay, and phenotype-linked efficacy.

Abstract This paper presents a GABA-lysine calcium preparation designed as an integrated microsphere system for calcium delivery, absorption support, and directed mineral utilization. The disclosed examples combine algal calcium and dicalcium phosphate with GABA, L-lysine, casein phosphopeptide, vitamin K2 MK-7, and natural vitamin D2 in a structured formulation intended to improve physical stability and intestinal presentation. Compared with the comparator, the disclosed embodiments show narrower particle-size distribution, faster dispersibility in simulated intestinal fluid, stronger retention of core actives, and better short-term storage stability. These outcomes support the view that the preparation functions as a coordinated delivery architecture rather than a simple ingredient blend [11] .

Abstract Background: Mitochondrial decline is a central feature of biological aging. A formulation combining alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), and Agaricus bisporus extract may simultaneously support energy metabolism, mitochondrial signaling, and oxidative balance. Methods: Three disclosed embodiments and one comparative formulation were assessed. We retained the core formulation ranges, ingredient-retention values, and comparative mitochondrial indices, and interpreted them together with selected literature on AKG, PQQ, ergothioneine, beta-glucans, and standards-oriented analytical control. Results: Across the three embodiments, AKG retention remained 98.6%-98.9%, PQQ 98.9%- 99.2%, and Agaricus extract 98.4%-98.8%, whereas the comparator without Agaricus extract showed lower AKG and PQQ retention at 92.2% and 92.8%. All three embodiments also showed higher membrane-potential indices and lower reactive-oxygen-species indices than the comparator, with Embodiment 3 giving the strongest overall profile. Conclusion: The composition is best understood as a standardized mitochondrial-support system defined by coordinated ingredient design, high retention, and reproducible formulation logic rather than by generic ingredient stacking.

Abstract I examine an oral iron formulation that combines heme iron, glycine chelated iron, ferrous gluconate, ferrous lactate, camu camu extract, and acerola cherry extract within one coordinated system. The design is unusual because it integrates heme-associated uptake, chelation-associated transport, and rapid ionic contribution while preserving a natural vitamin C-rich matrix. In the disclosed dataset, the lead embodiment retained 93.25% vitamin C at 6 months, reached 98.26% cumulative ferrous dissolution at 60 minutes, achieved 38.72±2.15% rat intestinal iron absorption, and restored hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron, and ferritin more strongly than three comparators. I interpret these findings through the oxygensensing framework associated with Gregg L. Semenza, because iron repletion ultimately serves oxygen delivery, erythropoiesis, and iron homeostasis as an integrated system [1-12] .

Abstract We investigated a tri-strain composition for immune-response modulation and intestinal barrier restoration built around Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-06, Lactobacillus plantarum LPL28, and Bifidobacterium longum BL21, each paired with a homologous postbiotic fraction. The platform used a fixed live-bacteria-to-postbiotic mass ratio of 1:2 and batch-matched fermentation supernatant as the sole protectant for the live fraction. In the dextran sulfate sodium colitis dataset, the three implementation examples reduced aggregate serum inflammatory mediators by 68.2%, 65.7%, and 67.4%, while increasing colonic tight-junction protein expression by 42.6%, 40.1%, and 41.8%; the live-bacteria-only comparator achieved 32.5% and 18.3%. Published evidence aligns with this direction, supporting barrier reinforcement, cytokine suppression, and the growing relevance of postbiotic preparations. The composition is therefore best understood as a barrier-centered platform in which strain complementarity, homologous postbiotic synergy, additive minimization, and reproducible anti-inflammatory performance define its scientific value.

Abstract This study examines a quercetin-eucalyptus respiratory-support composition organized as a three-module delivery system containing quercetin, eucalyptus oil, bromelain, dihydromyricetin, perillaldehyde, icariin, and ultra-low-molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate. The patent-reported dataset indicates strong formulation protection: Bromelain activity retention in simulated gastric acid remains 98.1%-98.5% in the encapsulated embodiments versus 6.8% in the simple-mixture comparator, and total active retention after six months at 25 C remains 95.8%-96.3% versus 32.5%. Published literature supports the plausibility of the platform, particularly through quercetin delivery research and human data for 1,8-cineole in asthma, COPD, and acute bronchitis [3-12] . These findings are interpreted within a Semenza-guided hypoxia framework relevant to airway injury and adaptation [15-17] .

Abstract We examined a disclosed BALIMONT probiotic composition built around a live three-strain core, a heat-inactivated postbiotic fraction, prebiotic substrates, and a double-layer protective system. The retained dataset points to a coherent IgA-oriented design logic. In the screening phase, the equal-ratio live-strain group (2:2:2) produced the strongest secretory IgA signal and the highest proliferation index among the tested combinations. In the postbiotic-loading screen, a 1:1 ratio between heat-inactivated Lactococcus lactis and the live probiotic core provided the best balance between secretory IgA output and short-term viable-count retention. In the 28-day murine study, medium- and high-dose groups showed higher serum IgA, intestinal mucosal sIgA, and fecal sIgA than the blank and low-dose groups. Storage results further indicated meaningful viability preservation under standard and accelerated conditions. Public studies on bifidobacteria, encapsulation, prebiotic support, and non-live microbial preparations provide a compatible evidence backdrop for the disclosed formulation strategy. Taken together, the composition can be read as a technically integrated mucosal-immune-support platform whose distinctiveness lies in the coordination of strain balance, postbiotic synergy, and delivery engineering.

Abstract Deep mining encounters complex working conditions such as high ground stress, strong disturbance, and multi field coupling. Disasters caused by rock instability occur frequently, and traditional monitoring and control methods suffer from lag and insufficient accuracy, which cannot meet the requirements of safe deep mining. Digital twin technology can create a virtual copy of the rock support system, achieve virtual and real synchronization, dynamically deduce and implement intelligent control. Starting from the actual situation of deep mining engineering, this article analyzes the relevant factors of rock stability and the shortcomings of traditional control, discusses the application advantages of digital twin technology, focuses on exploring its application in dynamic prediction of rock stability, multi field coupling simulation, and intelligent safety control, and provides specific measures to promote the implementation of technology.

Abstract Aiming at the problems in low-altitude airspace operation such as heterogeneity and redundancy of multi-source perception data, insufficient perception accuracy in complex scenarios, and difficulties in predicting situation trends, this paper conducts research on low-altitude traffic safety situation perception and prediction by integrating multi-source environmental perception data. Data cleaning and fusion are realized by establishing a unified spatio-temporal benchmark; an air-space-ground collaborative perception network is constructed to improve perception stability; and scientific situation prediction is achieved based on airspace operation rules. The research forms a set of implementable safety management and control strategies, which effectively improve the safety of low-altitude operation and airspace utilization efficiency, and provide technical support for traffic management of low-altitude unmanned systems.

Abstract Background: Botanical liver-support products are often limited by variable marker content, weak dose-response documentation, and loose links between mechanism and measurable outcomes. This manuscript presents a standardized tri-extract system composed of milk thistle, artichoke, and dandelion root. Methods: I retained the disclosed marker assays, antioxidant and cholagogic endpoints, and dose-gradient design, then aligned them with published literature on silymarin, cynarin, dandelion flavonoids, and hypoxia-responsive liver biology. Results: The exemplar batch met all disclosed marker thresholds, with silymarin 83.5%, cynarin 3.2%, and total flavonoids 4.8%. Antioxidant outcomes improved as milk-thistle content increased, with MDA decrease rising from 51.27% to 68.17%, SOD increase from 98.62% to 141.53%, and GSH-Px increase from 112.35% to 162.48%. Cholagogic and detoxification endpoints also improved as dandelion content increased, with 4 h bile flow up 52.78%-86.11%, ALT down 62.35%- 81.26%, and MDA down 53.47%-66.78%. Published evidence supports context-dependent hepatoprotective activity for silymarin, liver-enzyme improvement with artichoke supplementation, and antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential for dandelion. Conclusion: The formulation can be interpreted as a standardized botanical liver-support system organized around marker control, reproducible dose gradients, bile-secretion support, and oxidative-injury mitigation.

Abstract Methane has a strong greenhouse effect. Low-concentration coal mine gas is hard to utilize directly, posing a major challenge for emission reduction and energy recovery. Regenerative Thermal Oxidation (RTO) can efficiently treat ultra-low-concentration methane and recover waste heat. This paper reviews the oxidation technologies of low-concentration coal mine gas, focuses on the principle, features and engineering applications of RTO, and verifies its advantages via typical cases. Finally, the development prospects of RTO are discussed, providing a reference for low-carbon and efficient utilization of coal mine gas.

Abstract Bacterial biofilms are often discussed as a secondary problem in the conservation of old buildings, but on damp or dust-laden surfaces they can become an active part of material decay. Here, 72 surface samples from historic buildings in Foshan, Guangzhou, and Shanxi/Taiyuan were compared to examine how much of the bacterial pattern is shared across regions and how much is shaped by individual buildings and substrates. The sample set covered a humid subtropical setting in southern China and a temperate monsoon setting in northern China, and included wood, tile, brick, wall, statue, and cave-wall surfaces. Community profiles were generated from 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and interpreted with taxonomic summaries, rarefaction analysis, PCA, Bray-Curtis PCoA, PERMANOVA, and FAPROTAX-based functional prediction. Four phyla, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota, together made up more than 80% of the reads in each region, suggesting that these surfaces carry a broad but recognizable bacterial core. At genus or species level the picture was less uniform. Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Acinetobacter, and Bacillus appeared repeatedly, yet their abundance changed with building context and surface material. Ordination results pointed in the same direction: The separation among buildings and substrates was clearer than the separation among broad geographic regions, and PERMANOVA confirmed significant compositional differences (p

Abstract We present a lesion-oriented oral joint-support composition built around glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate, methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), and graded sodium hyaluronate. Its distinctiveness is evaluated through formulation architecture and evidence rather than naming alone. The central design feature is the use of high-molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate for lubrication and local film formation together with medium/low-molecular-weight material for penetration and ingredient coexistence. In the preclinical dataset, optimized formulations achieved substantially higher joint-effusion resolution and cartilage-repair rates than the comparative formulation. Public evidence for the component ingredients is heterogeneous but directionally supportive: Glucosamine/chondroitin shows mixed benefit across reviews, MSM has shown symptom-related benefit in controlled trials, and oral sodium hyaluronate has demonstrated short-term improvement in selected knee-discomfort populations. We therefore interpret the composition as more than a routine joint-health blend because it organizes familiar ingredients into a graded residence-penetration-microenvironment support system.

Abstract In the field of high-speed railway construction, the stability and durability of subgrade engineering are directly related to train operation safety and passenger comfort. With the advancement of large-scale projects such as the Baotou–Yinchuan High-Speed Railway, the requirements for subgrade materials have become increasingly stringent. Therefore, to effectively improve the construction quality of the subgrade of the Baotou–Yinchuan High-Speed Railway, ensure the efficiency of high-speed railway construction, and lay a foundation for subsequent high-speed railway construction, this paper analyzes and studies the application of aeolian sand improved soil in the subgrade engineering of the Baotou–Yinchuan High-Speed Railway, aiming to provide reference and assistance for relevant practitioners.

Abstract This paper based on the perspective of the entire life cycle of prefabricated buildings, sorts out the core connotation and characteristics of whole-process tracking audits, analyzes the pain points of current audit work in terms of concepts, processes, technologies, talent, and guarantee mechanisms, and explores innovative paths for audit models by combining digital technologies such as BIM and the Internet of Things. It constructs a whole-process audit system of "pre-judgment, in-process control, and post-review," verifies the feasibility of the innovative model with practical cases, and incorporates architecture diagrams and tables to enhance professionalism, providing theoretical and practical references for improving the audit quality of prefabricated buildings and promoting the standardized development of the industry.

Abstract As China's urbanization has entered the stage of stock transformation, the contradiction between the lack of public space in old urban areas and the growth of residents' living needs has become increasingly prominent. Pocket parks, as an important carrier of micro-updating in old cities, have advantages such as flexible location selection and proximity to residents. Based on this, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the construction of pocket parks in the Shangcheng District of Hangzhou. From the dimensions of space efficiency, functional design and regional culture, this paper analyzes the construction of pocket park in Shangcheng District of Hangzhou, which provides some reference for urban renewal in similar areas.